RINS II-

PROSTATA

Informação geral

Directorios

http://pathologyoutlines.com/prostate.html

Textos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate

http://www.uropage.com/ART_malpros.php

Anatomia da próstata

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1923122-overview

http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/picture-of-the-prostate

http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/picture-of-the-prostate

http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/prostate/anatomy-and-physiology/?region=o

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/prostate

Fisiologia da próstata

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072475/

http://www.livescience.com/32751-what-does-the-prostate-gland-do.html

http://andrologysociety.org/getattachment/731ba050-3220-44d8-b702-db4f7102b774/chapter-11.aspx

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/458899_2

http://www.pcf.org/site/c.leJRIROrEpH/b.5802023/k.B322/About_the_Prostate.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate

http://www.baus.org.uk/_userfiles/pages/files/professionals/surg/TJW-Prostate-embryology-anatomy-and-physiology.pdf.

Informaçao especializada

Cancro da próstata

http://www.phoenix5.org/Infolink/index.html

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/prostatecancer.html

http://prostatecancer.about.com/

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/prostate_cancer/article_em.htm

http://www.healingwell.com/library/prostatecancer/info1.asp

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/index

http://www.caducee.net/DossierSpecialises/cancerologie/cancer-prostate.asp

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/basics/defin

http://www.medicinenet.com/prostate_cancer/article.htm

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/pros

http://prostate-cancer.emedtv.com/

https://pt-pt.facebook.com/people/Blogues-Manuel-Halpern/100008274828321

http://www.meddean.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/medicine/pulmonar/procedur/medstud.htm

http://www.netwellness.com/healthtopics/prostate/

http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/featuredpages.asp?artid=56&title=Prostate-Cancer

http://www.nutritionalwellness.com/archives/2010/may/05_meschino.php

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/skin-cancer/

http://www.medisite.fr/cancer-les-symptomes-les-symptomes-du-cancer-de-la-prostate.616022.38947.html?xtor=EPR-26-605954[Medisite-A-la-Une]-20140514

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Despiste do cancro da prostata

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/in-depth/prostate-cancer/art-20048087

http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec8911/index.htm

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/moreinformation/prostatecancerearlydetection/prostate-cancer-early-detection-acs-recommendations

http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/prostate-cancer/about/screening-for-prostate-cancer

http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer-of-the-prostate/Pages/Prevention.aspx

http://www.pcf.org/site/c.leJRIROrEpH/b.5802037/k.6B8C/Early_Detection__Screening.htm

https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/prostate-cancer-detection.cfm

http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prostate-cancer-screening

Estadios

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-staging

https://cancerstaging.org/references-tools/quickreferences/Documents/ProstateSmall.pdf

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/prostate-cancer-staging

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer_staging

Stage	Tumor	Nodes	Metastasis	Grade
Stage I	T1a	N0	M0	G1
Stage II	T1a	N0	M0	G2–4
	T1b	N0	M0	Any G
	T1c	N0	M0	Any G
	T1	N0	M0	Any G
	T2	N0	M0	Any G
Stage III	T3	N0	M0	Any G
Stage IV	T4	N0	M0	Any G
	Any T	N1	M0	Any G
	Any T	Any N	M1	Any G

http://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information/getting-diagnosed/staging

Prevençao do cancto da próstata

http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancer.gov/CDR0000062833.h

http://www.yourhealthbase.com/prostate_cancer.html

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/in-depth/prostate-cancer-prevention/art-20045641

http://www.pcf.org/site/c.leJRIROrEpH/b.5802029/k.31EA/Prevention.htm

http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/9-tips-to-prevent-prostate-cancer#1

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-prevention

http://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information/are-you-at-risk/can-i-reduce-my-risk

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/prostate-cancer/treatment/research/research-into-causes-and-prevention-of-prostate-cancer

http://www.aarp.org/health/healthy-living/info-11-2011/ways-to-help-prevent-prostate-cancer.html

https://www.drfuhrman.com/library/prevent_prostate_cancer.aspx

Tratamento do cancro da próstata

http://www.prostate-cancer.com/

http://www.healingwell.com/library/prostatecancer/info5.asp

http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/patient/prostate-treatment-pdq

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-treating-general-info

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cancer-of-the-prostate/pages/treatment.aspx

http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/guide/prostate-cancer-treatment-care

https://zerocancer.org/learn/treatment

Crioablacçao

http://www.cancernews.com/cryosurgery.htm

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-treating-cryosurgery

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/prostate-cancer/treatment/cryotherapy

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cryotherapy-for-prostate-cancer/basics/definition/prc-20014553

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/urology/cryotherapy_for_prostate_conditions_92,P09351/

http://www.galilmedical.com/treatments/prostate-cancer/

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/458187-overview

http://radonc.ucsf.edu/patient_information/pdf/prostate/cryoablation_of_prostate_cancer.pdf

Quimioterapia

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-treating-chemotherapy

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/prostate-cancer/treatment/chemotherapy/about-chemotherapy-for-prostate-cancer

http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/guide/prostate-cancer-chemotherapy

http://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information/treatments/chemotherapy

http://www.cancer.gov/news-events/press-releases/2013/E3805

http://www.pcf.org/site/c.leJRIROrEpH/b.5836637/k.D89F/Side_Effects_of_Chemotherapy.htm

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=40518

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3364088/

Radioterapia

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/prostate-cancer/treatment/radiotherapy/about-radiotherapy-for-prostate-cancer

http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Prostate/Treatmentforearlyprostatecancer/Radiotherapy.aspx

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/prostate-cancer/treatment/radiotherapy/side-effects-of-prostate-cancer-radiotherapy

http://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information/treatments/external-beam-radiotherapy

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-treating-radiation-therapy

Terapeuticas emergentes

http://www.pcf.org/site/c.leJRIROrEpH/b.5835267/k.C423/Emerging_Therapies.htm

http://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/prostate-cancer/current-emerging-therapies-bone-metastases-crpc-prostate-cancer/article/393710

http://www.touchoncology.com/articles/current-and-emerging-therapies-metastatic-prostate-cancer

http://www.canjurol.com/html/free-articles/V21I2S1-15_DrThoreson.pdf

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-new-research

Terapia hormonal

http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/prostate-hormone-therapy-fact-sheet

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-treating-hormone-therapy

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/prostate-cancer/treatment/hormone/

http://www.pcf.org/site/c.leJRIROrEpH/b.5836631/k.3CD9/Side_Effects_of_Hormone_Therapy.htm

http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/features/hormone-therapy-for-prostate-cancer

http://prostatecanceruk.org/prostate-information/treatments/hormone-therapy

http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Prostate/Treatmentforadvancedprostatecancer/Hormonaltherapy.aspx

https://zerocancer.org/learn/hormone-therapy

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hormone-therapy-for-prostate-cancer/basics/definition/prc-20015058

Hiperplasia benigna da próstata

http://www.medicinenet.com/benign_prostatic_hyperplasia/article.htm

http://www.iqb.es/urologia/prostata/indice.htm

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/urologic-disease/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph/Pages/facts.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia

http://www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/band11/b11-3.html

http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/condition/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

http://www.pjstory.com/BPH.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/basics/definition/con-20030812

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(bph)

Tratamento  medico

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437359-treatment

http://www.webmd.com/men/prostate-enlargement-bph/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-treatment-overview

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/basics/treatment/con-20030812

http://www.healthline.com/health/enlarged-prostate/treatment#TreatmentOptions2

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(bph)/treatment/medical-therapies

https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia.cfm

Cirurgia minimamente invasiva

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-(bph)/treatment/minimally-invasive-surgeries

http://www.europeanurology.com/article/S1569-9056(09)00033-5/pdf/minimally-invasive-surgical-treatments-for-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2287888215000033

http://www.healthline.com/health-news/men-less-invasive-treatment-for-bph-now-fda-approved-091913

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437359-treatment

https://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/service-areas/urological-conditions-and-surgery/minimally-invasive-surgery/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph

http://www.menshealthmelbourne.com.au/minimally-invasive-prostate-surgery-bph/

http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/condition/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia

Prostatites

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/785418-overview

http://www.webmd.com/men/guide/prostatitis

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000519.htm

http://www.healthline.com/health/prostatitis-nonbacterial-chronic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostatitis

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostatitis/pages/introduction.aspx

http://www.webmd.com/men/guide/prostatitis

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostatitis/basics/definition/con-20020916

http://www.naturalwellness.com/nwupdate/4-types-of-prostatitis-and-their-symptoms/?eml=nwu89

Massagem da próstata

http://www.chronicprostatitis.com/massage.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_massage

http://www.naturalprostate.com/Internal-Prostate-Massage.html

http://www.naturalprostate.com/Self-Prostate-Massage.html

http://www.happymassage.com/wiki/Benefits_of_Prostate_Massage

http://www.prostate-massage-and-health.com/prostate-massage-therapy.html#.Vts2TJyLTIU

http://pt.slideshare.net/dipseo/how-to-perform-a-self-prostate-massage

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/314168.php   24/11

Prostatodinia

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/437745-overview

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_prostatitis/chronic_pelvic_pain_syndrome

http://www.bjuinternational.com/bjui-blog/a-new-treatment-option-for-prostatitis-prostatodynia/

http://www.medicineonline.com/articles/p/2/prostatodynia/non-bacterial-prostatitis/info/Overview-Causes-&-Risk-Factors.html

PSA

http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Prostate_cancer_and_the_PSA_test?Open&s=nm&pn=prostatecancer_psatest

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/457394-overview

http://www.medicinenet.com/prostate_specific_antigen/page2.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1477630/

 http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/psa-test/basics/definition/prc-2001

http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/guide/psa3324//www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/psa-fact-sheet

https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/psa/tab/test/

http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Prostatehealth/Pages/psa-test.aspx

Rins

Acidose tubular renal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_tubular_acidosis

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/renal-tubular-acidosis-rta/Pages/facts.aspx

http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/kidney/renal-tubular-acidosis.html

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000493.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distal_renal_tubular_acidosis

http://patient.info/doctor/renal-tubular-disease

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/410658_3

Adisplasia renal

http://omim.org/entry/191830

http://www.ojrd.com/content/5/1/6

Agenesia renal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_agenesis

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/renal-agenesis

http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/turinary/patholurinary02.html

http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Lng=EN&Expert=93100

http://www.healthline.com/health/renal-agenesis#Treatment6

http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/renal-agenesis-bilateral/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1994209/

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/solitary-kidney/Pages/facts.aspx

Albuminuria

http://www.terracha.com.br/medicina_alternativa/albuminuria/#more-259

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/albuminuria

http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/34/Supplement_2/S325.full

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2941636/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microalbuminuria

https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2012/197/4/chronic-kidney-disease-and-measurement-albuminuria-or-proteinuria-position

http://www.kdigo.org/meetings_events/pdf/201203_MacIsaac.pdf

http://patient.info/doctor/Microalbuminuria

http://jasn.asnjournals.org/search?author1=Ron+T.+Gansevoort&sortspec=date&submit=Submit

http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/17/11/2974.full

Alimentaçao nas doenças renais

http://www.pcrm.org/health/health-topics/nutrition-and-renal-disease

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002442.htm

http://www.renal.org/guidelines/modules/nutrition-in-ckd#sthash.UgL2BiHm.dpbs

http://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-disease/kidney-friendly-diet-ckd/?referrer=https://www.google.pt/

http://www.kidney.ca/document.doc?id=305

Alport

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alport_syndrome

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238260-overview

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/alport-syndrome

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000504.htm

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/alport

http://alportsyndrome.org/alport-syndrome/alport-syndrome-diagnosis/

http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/alport-syndrome/

http://patient.info/doctor/alports-syndrome

Alstrom

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/alstrom-syndrome

https://www.alstrom.org/what-is-alstrom/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstr%C3%B6m_syndrome

http://www.omim.org/entry/203800

http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Lng=GB&Expert=64

http://www.healthline.com/health/alstrom-syndrome#Diagnosis4

http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v15/n12/full/5201933a.html

http://www.deafblindinternational.org/about_alstrom.html

Amiloidose e doenças renais

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/amyloidosis-and-kidney-disease/Pages/facts.aspx

http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/17/12/3458.full

http://www.kidneyurology.org/Library/Kidney_Health/Amyloidosis_and_Kidney_Disease.php

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyloidosis/basics/complications/con-20024354

Amiloidose  renal

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/246221-overview

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amyloidosis

Anemias nas doenças renais

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/anemia-in-kidney-disease-and-dialysis/Pages/facts.aspx

http://patient.info/doctor/anaemia-in-chronic-kidney-disease

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/what_anemia_ckd

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1389854-overview

http://dpcedcenter.org/what-you-need-know-about-anemia-and-kidney-disease

http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/23/10/1631.full

Anomalias cloacais

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/vaginal-abnormalities-cloacal-abnormalities

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/933717-overview

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3418031/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_cloaca

Anuria. Oliguria

http://www.terracha.com.br/medicina_alternativa/anuria/#more-399

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olig%C3%BAria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anuria

http://www.vumc.nl/afdelingen-themas/41463/27797/2089686/8380425/8879008/Lit2.pdf

http://www.victorjtemple.com/Renal%20Failure%20Overview%20PPP%203.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3992355/

http://www.ihealthblogger.com/2014/09/anuria-definition-causes-symptoms-and.html

http://study.com/academy/lesson/anuria-definition-causes-symptoms-treatment.html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/243492-differential

http://www.terracha.com.br/medicina_alternativa/anuria/#more-3994

Bartter

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238670-overview

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartter_syndrome

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/bartter-syndrome

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000308.htm

http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/bartters-syndrome/

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/congenital-renal-transport-abnormalities/bartter-syndrome-and-gitelman-syndrome

https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/GB/uk-Bartter.pdf

http://www.omim.org/entry/607364

Berger 

Ver nefropatia a IgA

Biopsia renal

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/diagnostic-tests/biopsy-kidneys/Pages/kidney-biopsy.aspx

http://www.healthline.com/health/renal-biopsy#Recovery4

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003907.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/kidney-biopsy/basics/definition/prc-20018979

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2093338-overview

Crescimento nas doenças renais

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/growth-failure-in-children-with-kidney-disease/Pages/facts.aspx

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/growth-failure-in-children

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/984358-treatment

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2013/970946/

Disgenesia tubular

http://omim.org/entry/267430

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/renal-tubular-dysgenesis

http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/17/8/2253.full

http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case110/dx.html

http://ckj.oxfordjournals.org/content/5/1/56.full

Disuria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysuria

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/symptoms-of-genitourinary-disorders/dysuria

http://patient.info/doctor/dysuria

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/dysuria/article_em.htm

http://www.webmd.com/women/dysuria-causes-symptoms

http://www.aafp.org/afp/1999/0901/p865.html

http://www.drugs.com/health-guide/dysuria.html

http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/painful-urination/basics/definition/sym-20050772

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/symptoms-of-genitourinary-disorders/dysuria

http://patient.info/doctor/dysuria

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK291/

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articl

Doença da membrana  basal

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/Thin-Basement-Membrane-Disease

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_basement_membrane_disease

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/238413-overview

http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/17/3/813.full

http://www.edren.org/pages/edreninfo/glomerular-basement-membrane-di

http://www.livestrong.com/article/550871-diet-for-a-person-with-thin-basement-membrane-syndrome/

Doenças cronicas do rim

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/chronic_kidney_disease

http://www2.kidney.org/professionals/KDOQI/guidelines_ckd/toc.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-disease/basics/definition/con-20026778

https://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/aboutckd

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/chronic_kidney_disease/article_em.htm

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000471.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/chronic-kidney-disease-topic-overview

http://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease/?referrer=https://www.google.pt/

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-disease-chronic/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://www.davita.com/kidney-disease/overview/stages-of-kidney-disease/stage-3-of-chronic-kidney-disease/e/4749

Encefalopatia urémica

http://websistemanervoso-links.blogspot.pt/2013/09/links-gerais.html

Enurese

http://www.medicinenet.com/bedwetting/article.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bed

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/bedwetting/page12_

http://www.medecine-et-sante.com/pediatrie/pi

http://www.medicineonline.com/articles/B/2/Bedwetting/Enuresis.html

Estenose sa artéria renal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_artery_stenosis

http://www.medicinenet.com/renal_artery_stenosis/article.htm

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/245023-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/380308-overview

http://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/renal-artery-stenosis-symptoms-treatments

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/renal-artery-stenosis/basics/definition/con-20036702

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/renal-artery-stenosis-ras/Pages/facts.aspx

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000204.htm

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/renal_artery_stenosis/article_em.htm

http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/blood-vessel-disorders-of-the-kidneys/blockage-of-the-renal-arteries

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/disorders/renal_artery_disease

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2953218/

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/nephrogenic-systemic-fibrosis

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nephrogenic-systemic-fibrosis/basics/definition/con-20036311

http://www.icnfdr.org/

http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/18/10/2636.full

Fibrose nefrogenica sistémica

http://www.icnfdr.org/

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1097889-overview

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrogenic_systemic_fibrosis

http://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/1001/p711.html

Gitelman

http://omim.org/entry/263800

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitelman_syndrome

http://www.ojrd.com/content/3/1/22

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/gitelman-syndrome

http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/gitelman-syndrome/

http://www.nature.com/ki/journal/v59/n2/full/4492074a.html

http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/103/10/741

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/749077

Glomerulonefrite

O termo glomerulonefrite abarca as doenças glomerulares

A glomerulonefrite ràpidamente progressiva pode levar à morte nalguns meses

A glomerulonefrite crónica é uma doença a longo termo que pode levar anos ou décadas a desenvolver-se

Quanto à natureza sãs lesões podem ser difusas, locais ou segmentares

Também podem ser com alterações mínimas ou proliferativas

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/glomerulonephritis/basics/definition/con-20024691

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/777272-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000484.htm

http://www.healthline.com/health/glomerulonephritis#Treatments5

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/glomerul

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulonephritis

http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/glomerulonephritis/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/kidney-filtering-disorders/glomerulonephritis-(nephritic-syndrome)

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/nephrology/glomerulonephritis.html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239278-overview

http://kidshealth.org/teen/diseases_conditions/urinary/glomerulonephritis.html

http://www.healthline.com/health/glomerulonephritis#Treatments5

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/glomerul

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000495.htm

http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/kidney-filtering-disorders/glomerulonephritis-(nephritic-syndrome)

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239278-overview

http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/medullary-sponge-kidney/

http://kidneystones.uchicago.edu/the-diagnostic-dilemma-of-medullary-sponge-kidney/

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/kidneys-medullary-sponge-kidney

Rim em ferradura

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_kidney

http://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=horseshoe-kidney-90-P03088

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/378396-overview

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/horseshoe-kidney

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horseshoe_kidney

https://www.medicinenet.com/incontinence_overactive_bladder_pee_often/article.htm?ecd=mnl_spc_082219

Rim único

Ver Agenesia renal

Rim  e ateroesclerose

http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/12/2880.full

http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/features/your-arterial-lifeline

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/45/6/1042.full

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/disorders/arterial-disease/renal-artery-disease

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_artery_stenosis

https://www.kidneyresearchuk.org/health-information/ckd-information/atherosclerotic-renovascular-disease

http://patient.info/doctor/Renal-Vascular-Disease

http://proteomesci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-5956-9-25

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/09/150921112518.htm

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/245023-overview

Rins nos idosos

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/kidneys-age-related-problems

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004010.htm

http://nihseniorhealth.gov/kidneydisease/whatiskidneydisease/01.html

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/813586

http://www.eldercarelink.com/Other-Resources/Health/kidney-failure-in-the-elderly.htm

http://www.eldercarelink.com/Other-Resources/Health/kidney-failure-in-the-elderly.htm

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/753447

https://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/aboutckd

Sindroma  nefrotico

http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/kidney-filtering-disorders/nephrotic-syndrome

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-in-adults/Pages/facts.aspx

http://www.healthcommunities.com/nephrotic-syndrome-ns/overview-nephrotic-syndrome.shtml

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/244631-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000490.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nephrotic-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20033385

http://www.webmd.com/cancer/tc/nephrotic-syndrome-topic-overview

http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/kidney/nephrotic-syndrome.html

Sindroma nefrótico congenito

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_nephrotic_syndrome

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001576.htm

https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/GB/uk-CNF.pdf

http://www.omim.org/entry/256300

http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/medical-information-0/search-medical-conditions/congenital-nephrotic-syndrome

http://www.nature.com/ki/journal/v58/n3/full/4491774a.html

Sindroma nefrótico em crianças

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/nephrotic-syndrome-in-children/Pages/index.aspx

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/982920-overview

http://www.kidneyfund.org/kidney-problems/nephrotic-syndrome/nephrotic-syndrome-in-children/

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/childns

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nephrotic-syndrome/basics/causes/con-20033385

http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/nephrotic-syndrome/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/kidney/nephrotic-syndrome.html

Sindroma nefrótico com alterações mínimas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_change_disease

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/243348-overview

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/glomerular-disorders/minimal-change-disease

http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=24095

http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/2/3/445.full

http://www.edren.org/pages/edreninfo/minimal-change-disease.php

Sindroma urémico hemolítico

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/201181-overview

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemolytic-uremic-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20029487

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic-uremic_syndrome

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/hemolytic-uremic-syndrome-in-children-hus/Pages/facts.aspx

http://www.about-hus.com/

http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/typical-hemolytic-uremic-syndrome/

http://www.medicinenet.com/hemolytic_uremic_syndrome/article.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemolytic-uremic-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20029487

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic-uremic_syndrome

https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/hematology-and-oncology/thrombocytopenia-and-platelet-dysfunction/thrombotic-thrombocytopenic-purpura-(ttp)-and-hemolytic-uremic-syndrome-(hus)

Sindromas renovasculares

http://webcorvasossangue.blogspot.pt/2014/06/hipertensao-e-hipotensao.html   (hipertensão renal)

https://www.uthsc.edu/nephrology/documents/renal-syndromes-guide.pdf

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/renovascular-disease

http://patient.info/doctor/renal-vascular-disease

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-renal-syndromes-1

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pulmonary-disorders/diffuse-alveolar-hemorrhage-and-pulmonary-renal-syndrome/pulmonary-renal-syndrome

Transplantaçao renal

http://teccir.blogspot.pt/2014/11/transplantes.html

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/kidney-transplantation/Pages/facts.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_transplantation

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneytransplant

http://www.kidneytransplant.org/?f

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozTopic_Brochures

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/kidney-transplant/basics/definition/prc-20014007

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/430128-overview

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/kidney_transplant/article_em.htm

http://umm.edu/programs/transplant/services/kidney/indications-and-contraindications

https://www.kidneyresearchuk.org/health-information/kidney-transplantation

Doaçao do rim

https://www.kidney.org/transplantation/beadonor

http://umm.edu/programs/transplant/services/kidney/living-donor/faq

http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/kidney-transplant/Pages/introduction.aspx

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kidney-transplant/Pages/Thedonationprocess.aspx

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/transplant/news_events/media/transcripts/kidney_pancreas/what_kidney_donors_need_to_know.html

http://www.giveakidney.org/how-safe-is-donation/

https://www.organdonation.nhs.uk/faq/living-organ-donation/

http://www.kidney.ca/living-donation

Exercicio após transplante

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments_and_procedures/kidney-transplant/hic-exercise-guidelines-after-kidney-transplant

http://www.cpmc.org/advanced/kidney/news/newsletter/exercise_transplant.html~

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1242115/

http://www.livestrong.com/article/419899-post-kidney-transplant-exercises/

http://www.medpagetoday.com/Nephrology/KidneyTransplantation/25197

https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/355799

http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/1/134.long

Cuidados após o transplante

https://www.kidney.org/transplantation/transaction/TC/summer14/10-Tips-for-Transplant-Recipients

http://columbiasurgery.org/kidney-transplant/resuming-life-after-kidney-transplantation

http://transplants.ucla.edu/workfiles/adultkidney/dcbook1.pdf

http://www.uhb.nhs.uk/Downloads/pdf/PiAfterKidneyTransplant.pdf

http://www.beaumont.ie/kidneycentre-forpatients-aguide-travel

Uremia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uremia

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/blood-urea-nitrogen

http://advan.physiology.org/content/32/4/336

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/245296-overview

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/kidney-failure-what-to-expect/Documents/Kidney_Failure_What_to_Expect_508.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uremia

http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/conditions/liver-kidney-and-urinary-system/a3018/kidney-failure-renal-failure-with-uraemia-or-azotaemia/

http://www.mt-pharma-america.com/media/whitepaper.pdf

HEMODIALISE

Textos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dialysis.html

http://www.medicinenet.com/dialysis/article.htm

https://www.kidney.org/sites/default/files/11-50-0214_hemodialysis.pdf

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemodialysis/basics/definition/prc-20015015

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dialysis.html

http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/dialysis/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/152902.php

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-dialysis

Bioquimica da dialise

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_(biochemistry)

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Proteins/Purification/Dialysis

https://www.thermofisher.com/pt/en/home/life-science/protein-biology/protein-biology-learning-center/protein-biology-resource-library/pierce-protein-methods/dialysis-methods-protein-research.html

http://elte.prompt.hu/sites/default/files/tananyagok/IntroductionToPracticalBiochemistry/ch02s04.html

http://web.mnstate.edu/provost/DialysisProtocol.pdf

http://www.academia.edu/1739538/Physical_Biochemistry_1-2_Membrane_Filtration_and_Dialysis_Equilibrium_Reverse_Modified_and_Glass_fiber_Dialysis_Dr_Gihan_Gawish

http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Solutions_and_Mixtures/Case_Studies/Dialysis

Alimentaçao na dialise

https://www.kidney.org/nutrition/Dialysis

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dietary_hemodialysis

http://nepro.com/nutrition

BEXIGA

Textos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bladderdiseases.html

http://pathologyoutlines.com/bladder.html

http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Urinary/Urinary_Bladder_Urethra_Female.php

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray1123.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_bladder

http://www.uropage.com/ART_malpros2.htm#2.%20QU'EST-CE%20QUE%20LA%20PROSTATE

Anomalias uracais

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/urachal-abnormalities

https://urology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/children/urachal-abnormaliti

http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr02451

http://www.pediatricurologybook.com/urachal_anomolies.html

http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/6/1/226

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2740315/

http://www.pediatricurologybook.com/urachal_anomolies.html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015329-overview

Bexiga  hiperactiva

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/basics/definition/con-20027632

http://www.medicinenet.com/overactive_bladder/article.htm

http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/overactive-bladder-symptoms

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/overactive-bladder-(oab)

http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/overactive-bladder-treatment-finding-best-options

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overactive_bladder~

http://patient.info/health/overactive-bladder-syndrome

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/overactivebladder.html

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/overactive-bladder/basics/definition/con-20027632   

Bexiga neurogénica

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/453539-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000754.htm

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic-neurogenic-bladder

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/neurogenic-bladd

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/voiding-disorders/neurogenic-bladder

http://patient.info/doctor/neurogenic-bladder

Bexigoma ( bexiga hipotónica)

http://www.ecureme.com/emyhealth/data/hypotonic_bladder.asp

http://www.nursingtimes.net/management-of-a-patient-with-diabetes-and-a-hypotonic-bladder/203511.fullarticle

Cancro da bexiga

Ver Cancros do sistema urinário

Cistite

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystitis/basics/definition/con-20024076?FLUSHCACHE=0

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/152997.php

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cystitis/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cystitis/pages/symptoms.aspx

http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/conditions/liver-kidney-and-urinary-system/a11621/cystitis/

http://patient.info/health/cystitis-urine-infection-in-women

https://www.dred.com/ie/chronic-cystitis.html

http://www.remedyspot.com/cranberry-helps-fight-harmful-bacterial-infections/? utm_source=id1&utm_medium=all&utm_campaign=37cran 

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/313722.php  

Cistite intersticial

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/interstitialcystitis.html

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/urologic-disease/interstitial-cystitis-painful-bladder-syndrome/Pages/facts.aspx

http://www.medicinenet.com/interstitial_cystitis/article.htm

http://www.aafp.org/afp/2001/1001/p1199.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_cystitis

http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/interstitial-cystitis

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/interstitial-cystitis/basics/definition/con-20022439

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/152997.php

Cistocelo

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cystocele/basics/definition/con-20026175

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystocele

http://parents.berkeley.edu/advice/pregnancy/prolapse.html

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/bladder-prolapse

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/urologic-disease/cystocele/Pages/facts.aspx

http://www.medicinenet.com/cystocele_fallen_bladder/article.htm

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/pelvic-relaxation-syndromes/cystoceles,-urethroceles,-enteroceles,-and-rectoceles

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/722323_4

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/bladder-prolapse-(cystocele)

Cistometria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystometry

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency

http://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/cystometry-test

http://www.healthline.com/health/cystometric-study#Procedure4

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/urology/cystometry_92,P07718/

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1988665-overview

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=92&ContentID=P07718

Cistoscopia e ureteroscopia

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy/Pages/default.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystoscopy

http://www.medicinenet.com/cystoscopy_and_ureteroscopy/article.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cystoscopy/basics/definition/prc-20013535

Homem

http://www.doctorslounge.com/urology/procedures/cystoscopy.htm

http://www.medsolution.com/surgery_urogen-cystutero.asp

https://www.health.qld.gov.au/consent/documents/urology_06.pdf

Cistouretrografia

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/cystourethrogram-16691

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/voiding-cystourethrography-1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiding_cystourethrogram

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003784.htm

http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=voidcyst

Diversao urinaria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/451882-overview

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/urologic-disease/urinary-diversion/Pages/facts.aspx

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments_and_procedures/hic_Urinary_Reconstruction_and_Diversionhttp://www.kidneyurology.org/Library/Urologic_Health.php/Urostomy_and_Continent_Urinary_Diversion.php

http://www.kidneyurology.org/Library/Urologic_Health.php/Urostomy_and_Continent_Urinary_Diversion.php

http://www.ostomy.org/uploaded/files/ostomy_info/uoaa_brochure_bladder_en.pdf?direct=1

https://www.blogger.com/home?pli=1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileal_conduit_urinary_diversion

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/451882-overview

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/urinary-diversion/treatment

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments_and_procedures/hic_Urinary_Reconstruction_and_Diversion

Diverticulo da bexiga

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1015329-overview

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/bladder-diverticulum

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/causes-of-urinary-bladder-diverticulae-1

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/criem/2011/303498/

http://urologyaustin.com/urologic-conditions/bladder-diverticulum/

http://www.cpmc.org/services/surgery/robotic/conditions/bladder-diverticulum.html

http://4urology.org/patient_information/conditions/bladder/diverticulum/

http://www.casesjournal.com/content/2/1/36

Exstrofia da bexiga

http://omim.org/entry/600057

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bladder_exstrophy

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/bladder-exstrophy

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002997.htm

http://www.hopkinschildrens.org/bladder-exstrophy.aspx

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014971-overview

http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/medical-information-0/search-medical-conditions/bladder-exstrophy-and-epispadias

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1014971-overview

http://www.healthline.com/health/bladder-exstrophy-repair#Overview1

http://www.bladderexstrophy.com/whatis/

Incontinencia urinaria

http://view.mail.health.harvard.edu/?j=fe6017707667077a7d10&m=febb15747d630d7a&ls=fdc815737463037a751c717766&l=fe57157677630c7b7217&s=fdf215767560037577137372&jb=ffcf14&ju=fe1d1775736d0c7c7d1579&r=0

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/basics/definition/con-20037883

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/452289-overview

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/incontinence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_incontinence

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/urinaryincontinence.html

http://patient.info/doctor/urinary-incontinence-pro

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/urinary-incontinence~

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/incontinence-urinary/pages/introduction.aspx

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/incontinence/article_em.htm

http://www.healthline.com/symptom/urinary-incontinence

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-incontinence/in-depth/bladder-control-problems/art-20044220?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=housecall

http://view.mail.health.harvard.edu/?j=fe6017707667077a7d10&m=febb15747d630d7a&ls=fdc815737463037a751c717766&l=fe57157677630c7b7217&s=fdf215767560037577137372&jb=ffcf14&ju=fe1d1775736d0c7c7d1579&r=0

Refluxo vesico-uretral

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/urologic-disease/vesicoureteral-reflux-vur/Pages/facts.aspx

http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=voidcysto

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/439403-overview

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vesicou

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19502.htm

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/vesicoureteric-reflux-grading-1

https://urology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/children/additional/vesicoureteral-reflux

http://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=vesicoureteral-reflux-vur-90-P03119

Retençao urinaria

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_retention

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-top

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/inability_to_urinate/article_em.htm

http://patient.info/doctor/chronic-urinary-retention

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/urologic-disease/urinary-retention/Pages/facts.aspx

http://www.medicinenet.com/urinary_retention/article.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_retention

http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0301/p643.html

https://www.depend.com.au/urinary-incontinence/causes/urinary-retention/

https://www.bladderandbowelfoundation.org/bladder/bladder-conditions-and-symptoms/urinary-retention/

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/voiding-disorders/urinary-retention

http://www.medtronic.com/patients/urinary-retention

Urodinamica

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/diagnostic-tests/urodynamic-testing/Pages/Urodynamic%20Testing.aspx

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1988665-overview

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urodynamic_testing

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/urodynamics

http://www.ichelp.org/diagnosis-treatment/diagnosis-of-ic/urodynamics-what-when-why/

http://patient.info/health/urodynamic-tests

http://patient.info/doctor/urodynamic-studies

https://www.auanet.org/education/guidelines/adult-urodynamics.cfm

http://www.healthcommunities.com/urinary-system-tests/urodynamic-testing.shtml

CALCULOS RRENAIS

Textos

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/basics/definition/con-20024829

Litotripsia

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000136.htm

http://www.kidneystoneclinic.com.au/shock-wave-lithotripsy.html

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/urology/lithotripsy_92,P07720/

Tratamento

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-stones/basics/treatment/con-20024829

http://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-stones

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneystones_shockwave

http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Kidney-stones/Pages/Treatment.aspx

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/kidney_stones/page7_em.htm

Malacoplaquia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakoplakia

http://ndt.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/9/2206.full

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1055606-overview

http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=en&Expert=556

http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/6/1/379

COMPOSIÇAO DOS CALCULOS

Textos

https://www.auanet.org/education/kidney-stones.cfm

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/urolithiasis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_stone

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/urinary-calculi/urinary-calculi

http://patient.info/doctor/urinary-tract-stones-urolithiasis

Cistina.

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/urinary-calculi/urinary-calculi

http://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_stone_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

Oxalato de calcio

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/urinary-calculi/urinary-calculi

Struvite ( fosfato de amonio)

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/439127-overview

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struvite

Struvite crystals in a human urine sample with a pH of 9. Abundant amorphous phosphate crystals, several squamous and non-squamous epithelial cells and a few leukocytes can also be observe

Sulfamidas

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/genitourinary-disorders/urinary-calculi/urinary-calculi

VIAS URINARIAS

Aperto da uretra

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethral_stricture

ttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/450903-overvie

http://www.urethralsurgery.com/urethral_stricture.asp

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001271.htm

http://www.healthline.com/health/urethral-stricture#RiskFactors3

http://www.medicinenet.com/urethral_stricture/article.htm

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/urethral-stricture-disease

http://patient.info/health/urethral-stricture-leaflet

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urethral-stricture/care-at-mayo-clinic/treatment/con-20037057

http://urology.ucla.edu/body.cfm?id=478&ref=8&action=detail

Diverticulos da uretra

http://www.seekwellness.com/incontinence/urethral-diverticulum.htm

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443296-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/269493-overview

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/urethral-diverticulum

http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.287075076

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/urethral-diverticulum

Lesoes uretrais benignas

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/benign-(not-cancerous)-uretheral-lesions

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/benign-(not-cancerous)-uretheral-lesions/types

http://www.pvurology.org/benign-urethral-lesions.php

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/443099-overview

http://www.mademan.com/mm/causes-urethral-polyp-and-how-treat-it.html

Obstruçao das vias urinarias

http://www.healthline.com/health/obstructive-uropathy#ReadThisNext7

http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/obstruction-of-the-urinary-tract/urinary-tract-obstruction

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/438890-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002238.htm

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000507.htm

http://patient.info/doctor/urinary-tract-obstruction

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/expert-answers/bladder-outlet-obstruction/faq-20058537

Pielograma

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_pyelogram

http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/intravenous-pyelogram/basics/definition/prc-20018949

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003782.htm

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/intravenous-pyelogram-ivp

http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ivp

http://www.healthline.com/health/intravenous-pyelogram

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/urology/intravenous_pyelogram_92,P07705/

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/urology/retrograde_pyelogram_92,P07713/

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/intravenous_pyelogram

Pielonefrite

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-infection/basics/definition/con-20032448

http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/urinary-tract-infections-uti/asymptomatic-bacteriuria

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/pyelonephritis-kidney-infection/Pages/index.aspx

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyelonephritis

http://patient.info/doctor/pyelonephritis

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/245559-overview

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/kidney-infections-symptoms-and-treatments?page=3

http://www.healthline.com/health/pyelonephritis#ReadThisNext8

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/pyelonephritis-kidney-infection/Pages/index.aspx

Pielonefrites na gravidez

http://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/infections-acute-pyelonephritis

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/452604-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/245559-treatment

http://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0201/p713.html

http://www.babymed.com/infections/pyelonephritis-during-pregnancy

http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2005/01000/Acute_Pyelonephritis_in_Pregnancy.5.aspx

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/519321/

Potter

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/983477-overview

tts://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001268.htm

http://www.potterssyndrome.org/pottersfaqs.html

http://patient.info/doctor/potters-syndrome

Sindromas uretrais

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/451683-overview

http://www.healthline.com/health/urethritis-chronic

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethral_syndrome

http://patient.info/doctor/urethral-syndrome

http://www.summitmedicalgroup.com/library/adult_health/aha_obg_urethral_syndrome/

http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/urethral-syndrome

Ureterocelo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureterocele

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/451105-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000462.htm

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/ureterocele

http://drtulio.site.med.br/index.asp?PageName=ureterocele

http://www.moreirajr.com.br/revistas.asp?fase=r003&id_materia=2460

http://www.moreirajr.com.br/revistas.asp?fase=r003&id_materia=2319

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ureterocoele

Ureteroscopia

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/451329-overview

https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneystones_ureteroscopy

http://www.medicinenet.com/cystoscopy_and_ureteroscopy/page2.htm

http://www.webmd.com/kidney-stones/ureteroscopy-16859

http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/diagnostic-tests/cystoscopy-ureteroscopy/Pages/default.aspx

 Ureterosigmoidostomia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureterosigmoidostomy

http://gut.bmj.com/content/51/suppl_5/v15.full

Uretrites

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethritis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-gonococcal_urethritis

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/urethritis_in_men/article_em.ht

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/438091-overview

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000439.htm

http://umm.edu/health/medical/ency/articles/urethritis

http://patient.info/doctor/urethritis-in-men

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/urethritis-symptoms-causes-treatments

http://www.healthline.com/health/urethritis

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000439.htm

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/264903.php

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/non_specific_urethritis/pages/introduction.aspx

Valvas uretrais posteriores

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_urethral_valve

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1016086-overview

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/posterior-urethral-valves

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/412226-overview

http://www.monashchildrenshospital.org/icms_docs/8506_Posterior_urethral_valves.pdf

CANCRO DOS RINS E VIAS URINARIAS

Cancro da bexiga

http://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/bladdercancer/index

http://www.medicinenet.com/bladder_cancer/article.htm

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/bladder-cancer/

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/bladder_cancer/article_em.htm

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/bladder-cancer/

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bladder-cancer/basics/definition/con-20027606

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319859.php?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=MNT%20Daily%20Full%20%28HCP%20non-US%29%202017-10-24&utm_term=MNT%20Daily%20News%20%28HCP%20non-US%29

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cancer-of-the-bladder/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/438262-overview

Selenio

http://www.dietaryfiberfood.com/antioxidants/selenium-bladder-cancer.php

Cancro de células renais

http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/kidney-treatment-pdq

http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/kidney-cancer/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_cell_carcinoma

http://www.medicinenet.com/kidney_cancer/article.htm

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneycan

http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com/featuredpages.asp?artid=25&title=Kidney-Cancer

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/281340-overview

http://www.healthline.com/health/renal-cell-carcinoma#Diagnosis4

http://www.webmd.com/cancer/renal-cell-carcinoma

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/renal_cell_cancer/article_em.htm

http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/nephrology/renal-cell-carcinoma/

Cancro  do bacinete e uretero

http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/transitional-cell-treatment-pdq

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_cell_carcinoma

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/281484-overview

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/transitional-cell-carcinoma-of-the-bladder

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/transitional-cell-carcinoma-of-the-renal-pelvis

http://www.healthline.com/health/cancer-renal-pelvis-or-ureter

http://www.med.nyu.edu/urology/patient-care-information/conditions-we-treat/kidney-cancer/transitional-cell-carcinoma

https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/kidney-and-urinary-tract-disorders/cancers-of-the-kidney-and-genitourinary-tract/renal-pelvis-and-ureter-cancer

http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Kidney/Aboutkidneycancer/Ureterrenalpelvis.aspx

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/upper-urinary-tract-cance

Cancro da prostata
V er PROSTATA

Cancros da uretra

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/451496-overview

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Urethral_Cancer

http://www.cancer.gov/types/urethral/patient/urethral-treatment-pdq

http://www.medicinenet.com/urethral_cancer/article.htm

http://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/urethral-cancer

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK13861/

http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/content/35/2/84.full

http://www.healthcommunities.com/urethral-cancer/overview.shtml

Cancro hereditario de células papilares

http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/hereditary-papillary-renal-cell-carcinoma

http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=47044

http://www.omim.org/entry/605074

http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/kidney-genetics-pdq

http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.293085190~

http://www.healthline.com/health-slideshow/papillary-renal-cell-carcinoma

http://hmg.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/20/2489.full

 Metaplasia escamosa do rim

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/criu/2012/242780/1

http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/89.2.292

http://www.urotoday.com/volume-6-2013/vol-6-issue-4/63016-squamous-cell-carcinoma-arising-in-keratinizing-desquamative-squamous-metaplasia-kdsm-of-the-renal-pelvis.html

http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/abs/10.1148/89.2.292

Oncocitoma renal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncocytoma

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/379653-overview

http://radiopaedia.org/articles/renal-oncocytoma

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1955085/

http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Tumors/RenalOncocytomaID5132.html

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.10141/pdf

http://bradyurology.blogspot.pt/2014/11/oncocytoma-benign-kidney-tumor-often.html

http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/kidney/oncocytoma-renal/differential-diagnosis.html

Sarcoma de Willms

Ver Willms

Tumor de Ewing

http://www.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancer.gov/CDR0000062842.html

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001302.htm

http://www.cancer.org/cancer/ewingfamilyoftumors/index

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewing%27s_sarcoma

http://jjco.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/2/79.full

http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/95/21/1574.full

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001965

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389464-overview

http://www.humpath.com/spip.php?page=article&id_article=3402

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewing%27s_sarcoma

Tumor rabdoide

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_rhabdoid_tumour

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/993084-overview

http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/malignant_rh

http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Expert=69077

http://www.cancerindex.org/ccw/guide3g.htm

Wilms

http://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/patient/wilms-trea

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wilms-tumor/basics/definition/con-20043492

http://www.cancernews.com/articles/wilms.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilms%27_tumor

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/453076-overview

http://imsdd.meb.uni-bonn.de/cancer.gov/CDR0000062676.html

http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/kidney_clearcells

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/993245-overview

http://www.kidsgrowth.com/resources/articledetail.cfm?id=2388

t UMORES DOS OSSOs