Paladar, Olfato, Equilibrio, Somestesia

PALADAR

Informações gerais

Textos

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste

Fisiologia do paladar

http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/pregastric/taste.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustatory_system

https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook/sensation-and-perception-5/sensory-processes-38/gustation-taste-buds-and-taste-163-12698/

http://fac.hsu.edu/ahmada/3%20Courses/3%20Physiological/1%20PhysioNotes/Gustation%20and%20Olfaction.pdf

http://jcb.rupress.org/content/190/3/285.full

Genetica do paladar

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/taste.html

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/S3/S3

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/inheritance/ptc/

http://www.nature.com/news/soapy-taste-of-coriander-linked-to-genetic-variants-1.11398

http://www.genetics.org/content/172/4/2015.full

Papilas gustativas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste_bud

http://www.innerbody.com/image/nerv12.html

http://www.livescience.com/7113-tongue-map-tasteless-myth-debunked.html

Interacções gosto-paladar
http://chemse.oxfordjournals.org/content/30/suppl_1/i234.full

http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter09.html

http://fac.hsu.edu/ahmada/3%20Courses/3%20Physiological/1%20PhysioNotes/Gustation%20and%20Olfaction.pdf

Infomação especializada

Textos

http://www.medicinenet.com/taste_disorders/article.htm

Hipogeusia. Ageusia

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1884645/

http://www.healthhype.com/taste-loss-partial-hypogeusia-or-complete-ageusia.html

Hipergeusia

.

Disgeusia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgeusia

http://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/symptoms-and-solutions/metallic-taste.aspx

http://www.oncolink.org/resources/article.cfm?id=1047

OLFACTO

Informação geral

Textos

http://textos-fisiopatologia.blogspot.pt/2013/07/olfacto.html

http://www.leffingwell.com/olfaction.htm

http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staffinfo/jacob/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfaction

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nosek.html

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/O/Olfaction.html

Células olfactiva
//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_receptor_neuron

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10896/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_epithelium

https://sites.google.com/site/drtbalusotolaryngology/rhinology/olfactory-epithelium

http://flipper.diff.org/app/items/3370

Fisiologia do olfacto

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/O/Olfaction.html

http://www.leffingwell.com/olfaction.htm

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nosek.html

 

http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~edudev/Smell/smell.html

http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-definition/Olfaction/

http://www.sirc.org/publik/smell_human.html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/835585-overview

http://pt.slideshare.net/KASHMEERA-N-A/physiology-of-smell

http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/Grnds/smell-2012-01/smell-pic-2012-0130.pdf

Receptores do olfacto

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/O/Olfaction.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_receptor

http://www.pnas.org/content/101/8/2584.full

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10824/

Via olfactiva

http://www.leffingwell.com/olfaction.htm

http://ucalgary.ca/pip369/mod8/smell/pathways

http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/coursebook/neuro3(2).pdf

http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter09.html

Informação especializada

Anosmia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anosmia

http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/loss-of-smell/basics/definition/sym-20050804

http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anosmia/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://www.fifthsense.org.uk/support/treatment-for-anosmia/

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-nasal-and-pharyngeal-symptoms/anosmia

http://www.omim.org/entry/107200

Cacosmia

http://www.vulgaris-medical.com/encyclopedie/cacosmie-868.html

Fantosmia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantosmia

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/temporal-lobe-seizure/expert-answers/phantosmia/faq-20058131

http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/phantosmia/Pages/Introduction.aspx

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6815-13-8.pdf

http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/p/phantosmia/intro.htm

Hiperosmia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperosmia

http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050284

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0004-282X2014000800596&script=sci_arttext&tlng=es

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4pt9b52w

Hiposmia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyposmia

https://www.patscotland.org.uk/sites/default/files/appendix/A/ANOSMIA%20AND%20HYPOSMIA.pdf

http://www.ajnr.org/content/24/10/2097.full

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijoto/2011/203805/

Parosmia1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parosmia

http://www.neuro.uni-jena.de/pdf-files/Bitter-Ne11.pdf

http://www.australiandoctor.com.au/cmspages/getfile.aspx?guid=e96e519c-f7ce-4107-99c9-ff6840a14958

http://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2094032

Quiralidade e olfacto

http://www.leffingwell.com/chirality/chirality.htm

http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/jun252005/1929.pdf

http://smellofevolution.com/tag/chirality/

EQUILIBRIO

Informação geral

Textos

http://147.162.36.50/cochlea/cochleapages/physiology/index.htm

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/Hearing.html

http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/h.ealth/balance/pages/balance_disorders.aspx

http://www.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/408/371.html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2149881-overview

http://seniorhealth.about.com/library/conditions/blbalance.htm

http://www.medicinenet.com/vestibular_balance_disorders/article.htm

Fisiologia do equilibrio

http://oto2.wstl.edu/cochlea/

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/H/Hearing.html

http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/balance/pages/balance_disorders.aspx

http://pt.slideshare.net/farhan_aq91/physiology-of-equilibrium-balance

http://www.ybu.edu.tr/sinancanan/contents/files/659Physiology-of-Balance.pdf

Sistema vestibular

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_system

http://vestibular.org/understanding-vestibular-disorder/human-balance-system

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/head-neck/departments-centers/vestibular-balance-disorders

http://vestibular.org/understanding-vestibular-disorder/types-vestibular-disorders

Diagnostico das doenças vestibulares

http://www.vestibular.org/understanding-vestibular-disorder/diagnosis

http://vestibular.org/sites/default/files/page_files/Diagnostic%20Tests%20for%20Vestibular%20Disorders_0.pdf

http://www.asha.org/aud/articles/CentralVestib/

Informação  especializada

Barotrauma

http://weborgsen.blogspot.pt/2015/05/audicao.html

Canvas

http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/central/cerebellar/CANVAS.html

http://www.neurology.org/content/81/18/1642.full.pdf

http://www.omim.org/entry/614575

http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/137/10/2625

Doença auto-imune do ouvido interno

http://american-hearing.org/disorders/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease-aied/

http://vestibular.org/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease-aied

http://www.entnet.org/content/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/857511-overview

http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/autoimmune/aied.html

http://www.audiologyonline.com/articles/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease-aieds-1160

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_inner_ear_disease

Hidrops endolinfatico primario

Ver Meniere

Hidrops endolinfatico secundario

http://vestibular.org/secondary-endolymphatic-hydrops-seh

http://www.menieres.org.uk/information-and-support/symptoms-and-conditions/endolymphatic-hydrops

Equilibrio  em idosos

http://nihseniorhealth.gov/balanceproblems/aboutbalanceproblems/01.html

http://nihseniorhealth.gov/exerciseandphysicalactivityexercisestotry/balanceexercises/01.html

http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/balance-training-seems-to-prevent-falls-injuries-in-seniors-201310316825

http://vestibular.org/node/10

http://www.agingcare.com/Articles/balance-exercises-for-seniors-151016.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/multimedia/balance-exercises/sls-20076853

Labirintite

http://www.patient.co.uk/health/labyrinthitis-and-vestibular-neuritis-leaflet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labyrinthitis

http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/unilat/vneurit.html

http://www.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/408/644.html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/856215-overview

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/856215-overview

http://www.healthhype.com/inner-ear-infection-inflammation-labyrinthitis-otitis-interna.html

http://www.medicineonline.com/topics/O/2/Otitis-Interna/Labyrinthitis.html

Mal de debarquement

http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/central/mdd.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal_de_debarquement

http://www.mdds.org.uk/

http://www.mddsfoundation.org/

http://vestibular.org/mal-de-debarquement

http://american-hearing.org/disorders/mal-de-debarquement-mdd/

http://www.mountsinai.org/about-us/newsroom/press-releases/new-treatment-successful-for-rare-and-disabling-movement-disorder-the-mal-de-debarquement-syndrome-mdds

Meniere

http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/balance/pages/meniere.aspx

http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/menieres/menieres.html

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000702.htm

http://www.zak.co.il/d/deaf-info/old/meniere.html

http://www.menieresinfo.com/

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/meniere_disease/article_em.htm

http://www.earsurgery.org/conditions/menieres-syndrome/

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1159069-overview

Reabilitação vestibular

http://vestibular.org/understanding-vestibular-disorder/treatment/treatment-detail-page

http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/treatment/rehab.html

http://american-hearing.org/disorders/balance-and-vestibular-rehabilitation-therapy/

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/883878-overview

http://www.brainandspine.org.uk/vestibular-rehabilitation-exercises

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/rehabilitation-sports-therapy/specialty-therapy-services/hic-vestibular-rehabilitation

http://american-hearing.org/disorders/balance-and-vestibular-rehabilitation-therapy/

http://www.asha.org/aud/articles/vestibularrehab/

Vertigens

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/vertigo/article_em.htm

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/dizzinessandvertigo.html

http://www.patient.co.uk/health/dizziness

http://www.medecine-et-sante.com/maladiesexplications/Vertiges.html

http://www.webmd.com/brain/vertigo-symptoms-causes-treatment

http://www.medicinenet.com/vertigo_overview/article.htm

http://www.emedicinehealth.com/vertigo/article_em.htm

http://www.altmd.com/Articles/Homeopathy-for-Dizziness

Vertigem alternobarica

http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/health/ears/alternobaric-vertigo

http://www.alertdiver.com/understanding-alternobaric-vertigo

http://www.scuba-doc.com/vert.htm

http://scuba.about.com/od/divemedicinesafety/p/Alternobaric-Vertigo-And-Scuba-Diving.htm

http://medind.nic.in/iab/t00/i2/iabt00i2p64o.pdf

http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-718.html

Vertigem associada a enxaquecas

http://vestibular.org/migraine-associated-vertigo-mav

http://american-hearing.org/disorders/migraine-associated-vertigo-mav/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migraine-associated_vertigo

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/884136-overview

http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/central/migraine/mav.html

http://www.webmd.com/migraines-headaches/headaches-migraines-vision-vertigo-dizziness

http://www.asha.org/aud/articles/DizzinessMigraine/

http://www.patient.co.uk/forums/discuss/migraine-associated-vertigo-and-pizotifen-14406

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/centers_clinics/vestibular/conditions/vestibular_migraine.html

Vertigem de causa não vestibular

http://vestibular.org/node/2

http://www.menieres.org.uk/information-and-support/symptoms-and-conditions/non-vestibular-causes-of-dizziness-and-imbalance

Vertigem cervical posicional paroxistica benigna

http://www.patient.co.uk/health/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo-leaflet

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/884261-overview

http://www.tchain.com/otoneurology/disorders/bppv/bppv.html

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vertigo/basics/definition/con-20028216

http://vestibular.org/understanding-vestibular-disorders/types-vestibular-disorders/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo

http://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/patient_care/clinical_recommendations/RecToBOD-020810-Attachment1BPPV-Jan2010Cluster.pdf~

http://american-hearing.org/disorders/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigobppv/

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/884261-clinical

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_paroxysmal_positional_vertigo

http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo-pro

Vertigem post- traumatica

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/884361-overview

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/812008

http://american-hearing.org/disorders/post-traumatic-vertigo/

http://www.msktc.org/tbi/factsheets/Balance-Problems-After-Traumatic-Brain-Injury

http://www.asha.org/Publications/leader/2013/130901/When-Dizziness-Lingers.htm

Vestibulopatia bilateral

http://american-hearing.org/disorders/bilateral-vestibulopathy/

http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/bilat/bilat.html

http://www.dizziness-and-balance.com/disorders/bilat/bilat_cause.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateral_vestibulopathy

http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/74/6/825.1.full

http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/brain/127/2/280.full.pdf

SOMESTESIA

Informaçoes  gerais

Textos

http://library.med.utah.edu/kw/hyperbrain/syllabus/syllabus5.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatosensory_system

http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~brc/sph405/class/afferent/somato/lesson3-1-1.html

http://textos-fisiopatologia.blogspot.pt/2013/08/somestesia.html

http://michaeldmann.net/mann5.html

Caracterização dos estimulos

http://textos-fisiopatologia.blogspot.pt/2013/08/somestesia.html

http://www.cns.nyu.edu/~eero/ABSTRACTS/simoncelli03c-abstract.html

Fibras sensitivas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Ia_sensory_fiber

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_sensory_fiber

http://www.openanesthesia.org/peripheral_nerves_sensory_vs_motor/

Vias somestesicas

http://textos-fisiopatologia.blogspot.pt/2013/08/somestesia.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatosensory_system

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/saladin/outline16.mhtml

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/patestas/chapters/10.pdf

http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter02.html

http://courses.washington.edu/psych333/handouts/coursepack/ch10-Somatosensory_system.pdf

Informação especializada

Baroreceptores

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroreceptor

http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/288/4/R819

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroreflex

http://cvphysiology.com/Blood%20Pressure/BP012.htm

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter21/animation__baroreceptor_reflex_control_of_blood_pressure.html

http://www.datasci.com/solutions/cardiovascular/baroreflex

Corpusculos de Krause

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulboid_corpuscle

http://www.cengage.com/biology/discipline_content/animations/skin_receptors.html

http://www.thevisualmd.com/visualizations/result/krause_s_end_bulb

Corpusculos de Meissner

http://lhec.teso.net/enseignements/p1/polyp1/peau/fig102.html

http://www.starsandseas.com/SAS%20Physiology/Neurology/Touch.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactile_corpuscle

http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb102/lab_5/104bm.html

http://medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/skin_lab/meissners_corpuscle.php

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Oscar_Arias-Carrion/publication/232962023_Clinical_implication_of_Meissner's_corpuscles/links/02e7e5260ca69b8507000000.pdf

Corpusculos de Paccini

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamellar_corpuscle

http://courses.washington.edu/psych333/handouts/coursepack/ch10-Somatosensory_system.pdf

Corpusculos de Ruffini

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbous_corpuscle

http://lhec.teso.net/enseignements/p1/polyp1/peau/fig104.html

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10895/

Discos  de Merkel

http://lhec.teso.net/enseignements/p1/polyp1/peau/fig103.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkel_nerve_ending

http://usmlefasttrack.com/2014/01/free-nerve-endings-merkels-discs-meissners-pacinian-corpuscles/

Fibras musculares intrafusais

http://lhec.teso.net/enseignements/p1/polyp1/muscu/fig60.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrafusal_muscle_fiber

Mecanoreceptores

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanoreceptor

http://textos-fisiopatologia.blogspot.pt/2013/08/somestesia.html

http://www.ucalgary.ca/pip369/mod7/touch/somato2

Nocireceptores

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nociceptor

http://textos-fisiopatologia.blogspot.pt/2013/08/somestesia.html

Orgao de Golgi

http://lhec.teso.net/enseignements/p1/polyp1/muscu/fig61.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golgi_tendon_organ

Propioreceptores

http://www.medicalook.com/human_anatomy/organs/Proprioceptors.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprioception

http://textos-fisiopatologia.blogspot.pt/2013/08/somestesia.html

Quimioreceptores

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_chemoreceptors

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_chemosensory_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_sensor

Tacto

http://www.starsandseas.com/SAS%20Physiology/Neurology/Touch.htm

https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/the-peripheral-nervous-system-pns-13/the-somatosensory-system-129/tactile-sensation-690-3231/

http://courses.washington.edu/psy333/lecture_pdfs/Week10_Day2.pdf

Terminaçoes nervosas livres

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_nerve_ending

http://usmlefasttrack.com/2014/01/free-nerve-endings-merkels-discs-meissners-pacinian-corpuscles/

Termoreceptores

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/13/10/4511.full.pdf

http://study.com/academy/lesson/thermoreceptors-definition-function-quiz.html

https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/sensory-systems-36/somatosensation-206/thermoreception-780-12014/

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096098220600354X